Fluid-actuated motor.



G. AKANS. I

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 21. 1914.

1,156,855. Patented 01.12,1915.

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ID ACTUATED MOTOR:

PLI ATloN F1LED 001.21.1914

1,156,855. A Patented 0@1;.12,1915.

V 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Il M1 11| A G. AKANS.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED ocr. 21, 1914.

Patented 0t. 12, 1915.

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G. AKANS.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

l APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21, I9I4. 1,156,855. Patented 0@I.12,1915.

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46 me/wko@ e f/ l f i' A /LLH/ M M wm GI AKANS.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 21. |914.

1,156,855.` Patented oet. 12, 1915.

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eoLUMmA PLANOGRAPH co..w.\sI-IINGTON. u. c.

^ /OFFCEf Y GEORGE AKANS, or ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AssfIGNon :ro `sainerneuern hxaivsjrnusrnn.

YFLUID-ACTUArm) MOTOR.Y

speciacationof Letters Patent. Y.patentedC@.12", 1.915.

Appiicatifaied drober 21,1914.. Vse'riaim. 867,325,

To all @from t may] concern* Be it known that I, GEORGE AKANs',7a c1t1 zen of the nlted lStates, res1ding at Atlanta, inthe county of Fulton and Stateof ing.

Georgia, have invented a new andy useful Improvement in Fluidfnctuated Motors, ot

which the following` is a'specificatiomreerence being Ahad to the, accompanying draw- My Y improvement relatesV `particularly to fluid actuated motors comprising an'eirpan-` sion chamber which contains a piston or similar reciprocatory member ,driven 4by iiuid under pressure,' the admission of such l fluid vfor actuating the piston or 4.similar Y, member being .under vthe control of an opf-A erator or of mechanism associatedwith the;

motor. ,e The object of my invention 1s to yembody in the motor automatic fluidactuated means Y orlimiting the durationof the. action of the fluid upon the piston or similar member A and being driven'from 'its position Aof rest after the operatoror such associated mechanism has moved a member for establishingadmission of fluid under pressure for lmoving saidpistonor similar ,member from its positionofY rest. Asan example of use for such a motor, I mention the' control of locomotive and other steam boiler ire box doors, theA pressure fluid used being, usually, air,

and the main-piston ofth'emotor being inV its position of rest When ,the 'doors are closed,

JI or` the opening offthe doors, andthe valve by which airis admitted for driving the piston from itsposition of Vrestvbeing normally closed and being openedbly7 pressure of the foot of (the fireman upon a pedall which isiconnected with transmission'members leading to said valve.` l p My improved motorcom'prises means for automatically destroying operative relation between' the pedal andthe mainV valvea-fter 4 the valve Vhas been open acliosen time ;L to

the end that the ,doors may remain open only during4 a proportional'perioid of time, although the fireman prolongs tliepressure upon thepedal. p f

The various partsV are to be so proportioned and adjustedfas'to cause thedoors to be opened justlong enough to allow the` reman to deliver a shovelful of coal through'the door into thepire boX. vBy limiting the lperiodduring which thel door is open, Ythe quantity Vof cold'air rushing into the fire boX throughI thedoor 4is limited, As

is known to those `familiar with thisy art, the

air into the lire boX of a steam boiler chills the'fire and inner portions of theboiler, in-

Vadmission of an l,excessive quantity 'of cold cluding fines.; andl such chillingvv interferes with combustion of fuel and reduces the prol to more completeand uniform combustion of the coal and tends to avoid ivastingfuel and making smoke.V It is fto be notedthat when such doors arethus operated, it isde- `Furthermore, such:

sirable tliatiboth thefjopening andclosing movements be relatively rapid, in 'Vorder that thedoors may'remain closed as long a time as possible'.r

The portion of the motor which comprises.

the above-mentioned piston or similar member maybe of anyy desired form."V yThis Vpor-- tion, as "shovvnand, described in this appli` cation, nis, already known inthe art and 'has been used `for the fire boX'doors.` y c U Y f In the accompanying drawings', Figurel is a front vieivpartiallyfin sectionfo-a structure embodying my improvement;

feo l control of steam` boiler l j Q'is atop view; Fig'lis ajpartialsection on Y thelin'e, 3 3, of Figi-l; yFigfis a, side view looking-atthe apparatus V.from the left asshown in Fig.' l; Fig. 2 5 is .an enlarged section on the line, 5 5, of Fig. 1;' Fig; 6

is anv enlarged vsection onvthe.' line, 6 6, of Fig. l; .Fig.,7 is Y an venlarged li'ragmentary section on the line, 7 7, of'Fig. 2; Fig," 8 is la rear elevation, portions being broken aWay;'Fig. 9fis an upright section of the secondary cylinder; Fig. l0 is a sectional.`

elevation of a motorembodyingmy yinven-V tion and comprising a, flexiblef diaphragmv.l

kThe main cylinder,V l, is `shown upright and as having a, plate, 2by-mea'nsof Which thecylinder may be secured. toany other f structure. In the cylinder is't-he'mainp'iston,f3, Whichis in its positionv of `restvvhen 'it is close to the head, 4, offtheQcylinder.

The piston is to be driven dovvnWardbyfair entering the cylindery abovel the piston.'

v'In the valve chamber, 5', isamain valve,

L6, adapted to Arest on'a seat, 7k The pper l portionof said chamberis formed by a cap, 8, which is screwed into theadjacent portion of thecylinder. Within "said 'capis Van ,Y

expanding coiled spring, 9, bearing' downward upon the valve and normally holdingr theA latter against the seat, 7, which is the closed position Yoi'- saidv valve. Air is admitted to said chamber through the port, 10.

VBelow the valve seat, va port, 11, extends through the Acylinder wall into the interior of the cylinder above the piston'. A stem` 12, extends downward through a passage, 13.

is of smaller diameter than said'v passage,

- whereby spaceis left aroundjthe stem Vwith i in said passage.. Below said contracted porf Y' of the cylinder.

Varound said stem within said passage.

tion, said stem is made of the full' diameter of said passage so as toprevent downward flow yof air through said passage. lower end of said stem, one side thereof 1s cut away. The port, 410, leads from the port, 14,

An exhaust port,' 15V leads from the valve stem passage, V13,.tothe outside exhaustport, i

chamber, 18, andfbearsnormallyagainst a seat, 22, and has a stem, 23, resting in said passageA andV extending into ythe interior of the cylinder. Next to the valve,Y said stem is contracted so as to form an open space stem hasv a passage or duct, 24, alongits axis, and nextVV to the :valve a duct, 25, in tersects said duct, 24,y and within theV cylinder, atransverse duct, 26, intersect-s the axial duct, 24.2' A n expanding coiled spring,-

bearsendwise against the cap, 19, f and against the valve, 21, for normally pressing said Yvalve to its seat.

Below the valve, 21, andatits stem, 23, the interior diameter of the cylinder, 1, is contracted to conform to the diameter of the neck orstem of the piston, whereby the stem is held to linear movement. The neck ofthe piston" has a cam, 28, opposite the valve stem,A 23,'the lowerportion of said cam permitting the valve, 21, to seat Ywhen the piston is in its upper or rest position. The portion ofY said cam which is above said vstem vwhen the piston isin its upper position extends outward toward the cylinder wall,

Y so that when the piston is driven downward,

said cam 'willV push said stem outward and unseat the valve, 21. YWhile the head is descending, fthe valve, 21,' is open, so that air is kdriven out through that valve andk up through they port', 14, into Vthe supply pipe,

1,7, and through the duct, 10, into the space above'the piston. The piston is differential, because the area on lower face is less` than theV area `of the upper face, the dition n f vence beingthe cross-sectional area of the downward when'the main valve, 6, and the Immediately `below the valve, said stein By this means,this piston is started down- At the stated, the downward pressure over-comes Said ',variation, the flow of air from the upper retarding medium or cushion for avoidingw piston neck.v Hence vthe piston Vis driven valve` 21,;areboth open. l

When the `valve stem, 13, is pushed upward by pressure on the pedal hereinafter'y described, lthe main valve, 6, is raised so that air may flow from. the valve chamber, 5, downward into the passage, 13, and` thence upward. through thel port, 11, intothe in- A terior of the cylinder above .the pistonY head.

ward,the valve, 21, being at the time closed.' Soon the cam, 28, forces the stem, 23, and the valve, 21, outward, so that air under pressure may communicate downwardv through the port, 14, the chamber, 18, and

the valve, 21, and the stem, 23, into the in-lk terior ofV the cylinder belowv the piston head. The pressure of this air 'is the ysame as the air passing through the port, 10, in'tothei upperportionof the-cylinder; but since the piston is a differential piston, as above the upward pressure,v and the pistonfcom tinues to move downward until it reaches its lower limit. During such descent of the piston, theair bearingv against the piston from below is Vdriven outward through the valve chamber slowly and, before it is thus expelled, it serves as a cushion or retarding 7" medium to avoid such rapid `movement as would cause arr/'ing or slamming of the fire boX doors or other part or parts Connected' with the piston to be operated by the latter. When the main valve stein, 12, is pushed v upward foropening the main valve, the portion ofsaid stem which is of full diameter v extends across the eXhaustf port, 15, so that air can not pass from the upper portion'of the cylinder nor from the'main valve cham-v ber through ysaid exhaustport. When the main valve stem is again released andallowed to descend through the action of the coiled spring, 9, Said Avalve Vreturns tO its seat, andthen the valve stem moves downl ward and uncovers the exhaust' port, 415. Then air can no longer enter through the p ort, 10, and air may escape fromth'efup per portion of the interio-r of the cylinder 2 through the port, 11, and the port, 15'. y adjusting screw, 29, isseated to extend int l andfvary the port ,\15. lByl means of such 13 portion of the cylinder during the upwardi movement of the piston may be varied and g such air. made to actin varyingfdegrees as a objectionablyrapid return of thepiston to its upper position. c It will be observed that the cam, 28, is sov arranged that the valve, 21, closes when the piston reaches'it'supper limit, pressure being then cut otl from both sides ol` the piston.

On the plate, 2, isa journal, 30, which supa pin, 35,*which isseatedinthe piston stem.

.From said segment-y gear an,` arm, 3 6, extendsu outward'horizontally awayffrom the cylinder. A journal, 37,' isV supported by the plate, 2, below the oui'nal, 30, and said our-k nal, 87, supports a segment gear, 3S, meshing with the segment gear, 31. .On the seg-Y Y the lapse of aV` chosen period `ror time will". nowV .beY described. The? upper endV of the ment gear, 38, is an arm, 39, extending away from the cylinder lparallel to the arm, 36. lV-hen the piston is driven downward, the arm, 32, is driven downward and the seg ment gear, 81, rotatedto liftzthe arm, 36, and the segment gear,f3l,rturns the segment gear, 3S, upward to Inovethe arm,39, down'- ward.V '.Said'arms may vsupport lire boX doors (not shown) or lanyother 1ne1nb`ers. A A tube, 40, isv screw-threaded into the' lower end of the cylinder. A cap,"41', is

screwthreaded `into the lower end of said- Vtube. A hollow cushion block, 42, rests slid ably in the upper portion ofthe tube, 40,

and projects upward out of said tube into the interior of ,theoylinder The lower end ofsaidblock hasa head, 43, adaptedyto bear upward against the shoulder, 44, in the tube,

40, said shoulder limiting the upwardmovdL l ment of said cushion jblock. An,expandingy coiled spring, 45,'is located-within the bloclr, 42,the tube, r40, andthe cap, 41, and normally presses saidbloclr upward to its upper limit. -W hen the piston stemlmoves 'downward far enough tofbearagainst theupper end fof said cushion block, the latterbears yieldingly against the piston, and thedownward 'movement `oit thev pistonV is thus lgradually-arrested. i A

The portion ofthe mechanismtlius `far described has been heretoforegused; and aVK pedal hasbeen used toraise themain valve.

The mechanism whereby connection between the pedalor Asimilar device and the" main rvalve is destroyed automatically, after valve bar, 46, normallyrestsjust below and in. approximate `alineinent with the 4lower f The Vseco'ndarv expansion chamber is soeconstructed and arrangedas 'to Aoperate. so slo-wlv as `to continue V.to bein action when the piston, or similar'inember, of the main. expansion chamberjhas been from itsdposi end of the valvestem, 12, rso that when Vsaid bar is pushed upwardit(will.V abut1 vagainst Y the lowerend of said stem and push y the lat- `ter upward.V VSaid Abar fis'slidabie inanrup-l per bearing, 4 7',l and a lower. bearing,"4.8. The downward `movement of said bar 'is Ylimited' by a collar,j49, fixed on vsaid bar above the lower bearing, 48, and adaptedto rest'onv said bearing. Below the upper bear` ing,47, an annulary shoulder, 50, supports said bar, and an expanding .coiled spring, 51', surroundsV said bar between saidishoul H-der and saidV bearing and normally exerts such pressure against said bearing and said Ashoulder as will cause the bar to move downward until thevcollar, 49, rests on theLloear-V Q. ing, 48. v`The collar, 49, should.` ber so placed cation of the parts is Asuch .as to bring the y upper end of the valve ybar approximately' into alinement with the lower rend of the valve stem when the valve bar has been `pushed` as vfar toward the right as thebear` ing, 417, permits. A pedal, 53, 1s fulerumed" on aV support, 54, and-has one end hingedV tothe lower end of the valve bar at r55.

W'h'en the footV of the fireman or other op# erator is presseddownward on -the free end of the pedal,the opposite end Arises and-lifts d the valve bar, pressing the upper end of said bar against thelower end otthe valve stem, 12', and pushing said stem and the valve, G, upwardu throughv the port, 10, to pass downward from the valve., chamber around the valve and thence laterally through the port, 11,

This f allows the air! entering f pinto the space between the piston, 3, and the head, 4, ofthe cylinder, 1,4 Pressure is Ythus exerted upon the piston and theQlatter is driven downward for the aoeoinplishment of any work to be done' by ther-motor. Vhile the parts arey in this relation, the valve -remains open andthe air pressure is 'mainr mined. w y l .Vlhen the Vvalve bar, 4G, is pushed laside against the pressure o'thefblad-e spring, 51, i

the upper end of said bar is moved outA of alin'einent and out of,'engagementjwith,the main va ve stem whereby the main valvefis ,made free-to move downwardin responseto pressure' ofthe spring, 9. ,The valve ,barV

1s thus movedsidewise through Vthe action of a. secondary."Huid-actuated expansion"v chamber which is Vintoaction whengairV 'f y"is'admitted, intoithe main expansion chamber for driving. the main pist-onf. downward'.Y

tion of rest the desired length of time. In

other words,- when1lmy motor is applied for fire bor, doors to be separated from each other by -iluid pressure in the main expan- 'sion chamber as'long asamav be desired, Vthe movement offra por-tieni of V,the secondary eXp- 'i2-S y'sion chambers is madesutlicient to allow the "u pansion chamber'then acting to 'permit the Vseating of the .main valve.. The secondary eXpansionvchamber, as will be hereinafter described, is adapted to adjustment for varying'the time required for its action after the mainvalve has been opened.

In the formillustrated by the drawings, the secondary expansion chamber comprises ay cylinder, 56, on which 'is a bracket, 57, which is bolted against lthe lower portion of v the main cylinder byk means of screw bolts,

58. On the lower portion of the cylinder, 56, is a head, 59. The upper portion of said cylinder is contracted to form a tubular neck, 6,0, on `the upper end of whichy is a head, 61V. Within the cylinder isla piston, G2, havingr a stem 63. Said stemeXtends through said neck and the head, 61, anda vsmall piston, 64, surrounds said stem yin said neck. Above the small piston is an eX pandingvV coiled spring, 65, which bears against said` pistonV and the head, 61, and

, yieldingly resists the upward movement of the small piston, said spring constituting a yieldingmeans for retardingthe upward movement ofthe two pistons.

The stem,v63, projects upward through the head, 61, Vfar enoughf to bear against the i bell-crank form trigger, 66, when said stem is drivenV upward to its upper limit.V Said trigger is hinged at 67 Von'the upper valve` bar bearing, `47, and onearm of said trigger extendsupward and (approximately touches the'valve bar, when the latter is in normal position, and the other arm Yextends horizontally into the path of the stem, 63.V VOn the head, 4:', ofthe main cylinder is a pipe, 68, which is tapped through said head so as to `communicate with the space between said head and the main piston. On VVthe upper end of said pipe is a cut off valve, 69,' and above said valve is an oil cup, 70. By means of said cup and saidcuto'ff valve and said Apipe oil may be admitted into the mainV cyl-Y inder, the cutv off valve being normally closed. Betweenk saidvalve and theqcylinf der head, 4, a pipe, 71, is connected Vwith the pipe, 68, and leadsy thence downward into the wall of theY secondaryv cylinder and isthere made, to communicate with a duct, 72,V eX- tendingy downwardthrough said wall.

. the cylinder head, 60, is aV neck, 73, `in which is a-.valvechamberg 74. The duct, 72,'leadsr` downward and communicates with said The port, v86, is smaller than the port,`,87,

yof said cylinder.` vThe lowest position is the Y. position `ofrest Nof the piston, 62, the lower. c

' inder` through the'pipe, 68 (which isfa so f,

@from below by the time the piston stem', 63,

'Y tional to .the Vdownward pressure/ofthe cylinder .below said piston.. VBut by` contin- Y `ued:flo w or air through 1theport, 86, yair I" on `account ofthe larger net area Vof the interiorof the chamber, 74. A nut, 83, is

threaded around the stem, 80, and bears upward against the piston, 82. Normally said 2 nut rests upon the upper face of the cap, 76. An expanding coiled spring, 84, surrounds the valvebetween the piston and the head., 1 59,Y and normally presses said valve downward so as to leave the port,79, open. VIn the wall of theV chamber, 74, close to the head, 59, is a port,'85, making communicagtion between the chamber, 74, and the outer atmosphere. Near the head, 59, a port, 86` in the wall of the secondary cylinderpforms Y communication between the duct, 72, and the portion ,of the interior of the'cylinder below the pist-on, 62'; and aboveY said piston a c port, 87, forms ycommunication between the duct, 72,V and the interior of the-cylinder.

in Vorder that air may flow intothe lower` portion of fthe secondaryv cylinderV moreV I slowly thanitflowsinto-the :upper portion end of the stem, 63, resting on the head, 59, v

over the port, 77. 'Y v l TheV operation isfas follows: When the* main valve, 6, islclosed, there is no air" resi f sure through the pipe', 71, into the uct, 72; for the pipe, 7l, receives airY from the in- A terior of the upper portion of the main Vc 1- used for deliveringy oil intol the interior of the cylinder).g' When the main valve, 6, is opened, air is driven through the pipes, 6.8 and .71, andthe duct, 72,- and the port, 7 5',"

into .the space below the piston, 82,` in the l chamber, 74, whereby said piston and lthe valve, :78, are driven upward until 'said kvalve is seated and closes 4the port, '77, air

above" Sad 'Piston being Yanimated-;ehroughY the port, 85," Thus the port, 77, is closed moves upward and uncovers the upper V`por- 'tion osaid port.v The space'below `the pisil@ Y ton, 82,'- Abeing less than the spacev in the lower portion of the cylinder, `56,'the valve, Y 78, is seated beforeVv the piston, 62, ismovedi At the same time theair enters the port, 75, ,V airV also enters the ports, 86 and 87. Since 1&5., the port, 87, 'is larger Vthan l.the port, l86, greater pressure is established inthe por- 'Y tion of the cylinder chamber abovefthe ton,162, whereby downward pressure, addispring, 65,7is'exerted upon :the piston62; to prevent the rising Voffrsaid piston in'. re. sponse to upward pressure of a1r withinrthe pressure` in therupperV andV lower portion"V of the cylinder becomes equalized. Then,

lower: side of the piston, '62, the pistonV is driven upward against the combined downl matassa this connection, 1t is to be observed that the] effective or net area of the uppensidepf. the

r, piston is obtained by deducting theareaof li O the small piston, 64.. When .the-piston' 1s thus driven upward, thel upper end o fithe piston stem, 63, bears against the horizontal arm of the trigger, so as to make 1t engage th and push it si gaged from the stem, 12,'of the main'valve,

6, whereupon said valve is`-.pushed down,

ward to its seat by the action of the spring,

9, and the downward pressureofthe air.,

As soon as the.;

in the.valve chamber, 5. main valve is thus seated,.pressure throu h the pipe, 71, is cut off. yThis allows -t 1e spring, 65, to drive the. pistons 64 and 62, downward. At the same time that pressure ceases through the pipe,`71, theV spring, 84,-

drives the valve, 78, and thepiston, 82, downward, the air beneath the piston, 82, being driven outward through the port, 7 5. and the duct, 72. During the downward movement of the piston, 62, the said piston is driven through the ports, and, 85, ward through the ward through the ort, 86, and thence up uct, 72, and theniinward through the port, 87, into theu per portion of the cylinder chamber. he opening in the head, 61, is lar e enough=for the easy outward and inwar passage of air around the piston stem, 63, when the small piston moves up or down. .The downward movement of the pistons and the piston stem is arrested when the lower end of said stem bears u )on the lower head, 59, of the cylinder. Wlicn that occurs, said stem covers the port, 77; but that is immaterial, bcause the air need not pass through said port while said stem is in such position. leforc said stem again rises to uncover said port, said port is closed from below by the seating of the valve, 77.

Frein the above description, it will be seen that the opening of the fire box doors is started or initiated by the fireman. When he has ressed the pedal, 53, the valve, 6, is raise( and then the cycle of movements already described starts and progresses until the door is again closed.

The length of time during which the door remains open depends upon the length of time consumed between the admission of air through the pipe, 71, into the cylinder, 56, and the driving of the piston, 62, to its upper limit. This again depends upon two factors; (1) the difference etween the capacities of the ports, 86 and 87, (2) the difference. between the space below the piston, 62, and the space above said iston when the piston is at its lower limit. n construction, the ports, 8G and S7, are made approxi- 66, and tilts ,the-trigger. Y e valve bar, 46, dewise until it becomes ,disen-A f'itsfnewf position on t air below into the atmosphere and also outspaces' ab'oveand below Purpose. .the .lower f PQ! is screw-threaded and is made-largeenou A.be ,movable endwise on said stem@ 't ach sideof the piston is apnut, 88. vByloosening eitherof said 6 bore .of the piston nuts, the othermayfbegdr'iven forward for moving the pistonin th corresponding direction. .The first nut n then be driven against the pistonzforg, Ain ing the latter in haineux.

An apparatuswhic andl )ut ntoopcratio ilsadapted tohold the oor `open du riod ranging from 2-seconds to-7 according to adjustment; and I hjavefadjusted it for a period of'-3 seconds,`;f}ylich I have found by observation is a minimum time during which a remancan l`nveniently insert a shovel of coal. y,

A register, 89, showing numbers through theopening, 90, is secured against the neck of thezcylinder, 56.." x0n-thev register is an upright stem, 91, .whichtis pressed downwar for 'makin "theregistrations The register may 'be .o any desired form. Above theregister 1s a cylinder,`92,-in which isla piston, 93, havinr a; stem, 94, extending downward throug the-"lower head of said cylinder and abutting against the stem, 91, ofthe register. An expanding coiled spring, 95, surrounds said stem below the iston, 93, and normally bears Said piston an the stem, 94, upward. A pipe, 96,1eads.a from the upper ends of the cylinder,-.92, mto the pipe, 71, sothat .when airv pressure is put into said pipe, as alreadyl described, 'air pressure will extend from the pipe, 71, into and through the pipe, 96, whereby the piston, 93 is driven downward. `This causes the valve steal, 9-1, to press the register stem, 91, downward far enough to cause a registration. When air pressure in the pipe, 7l, is released, air pressure-iny the pipe, 96, and the cylinder, 92, is also released. Then the expanding coiled spring, 95, forces the piston, 93, upward. This allows the stem, 91, of the register to be moved upward by the mechanism of the register. Then these parts are again ready to repeat downward move.- ment to make another registration. Thus all the movements of thevalve, 6, and the piston of the main cylinder and the parts depending upon the movement of said piston arc registered. Hence the register will show how often the door was opened during any given eriod.

Fig. 10 s rows another form of the main expansion chamber. A head, 97, resembling the head, 4, of the main cylinder already described, is concave on its inner side. The stein, 102, is slidable endwise in bearings,

'fori ofthe stem, es,`

have c gnstructed head and the diaphragm, 99. A

104 and 105, with the concave portion'ofthe-hed, 97.- Adjacent the head, '97, the stem', 102,bears a head 101. Between saidhea-d "and the heid, ai, is a flexible diaphragm, 99, having its edges extending outward beyond the concave portionof the head, 97 and between a ring, 98, and the adjacent face of the head, 97. Bolts, 100, extend through said rin and engage said head, whereby the edge o said diaphragm is sealed against the passage of air. An expanding coiled spring, 103, surrounds the stern, 102, between the guide, 104, and the head, 101. and serves as a constantly-acting means tending to move the head, 101, and the stem, 102, toward the diaphragm, 99, and the head, 97. The main valve chamber, 5, alreadv described, is formed on the head, 97, and associated with said chamber are thel valve, 6, seat, 7, cap, 8, spring, 9, stem, 12, passage, 13, and eX- haust port, 16. And the port, 11, leads from the upper portion of the passage, 13, through the head, 97, into the space between said fpipe, 106, leading from a constant source of uid pressure is tapped into the wall of the valve chamber, and a duct or port,107, leads from said pipe into said chamber. The pipe, 68, cut ofi' valve, 69, an oil cup, 70, are applied at the middle of the head, 97, as already described 4with reference to the cylinder head, 4; andthe pipe, 71, is joined to the pipe, 68, as already described with reference to the cylinder head,4. The valve bar, 46, is applied below the valve stem, 12, as already described. The trigger, 66, is located beside the valve bar, 46, and the second expansion chamber is located adjacent the trigger, only the upper portion of the stem, 63, of said chamber being shown. `When the bar, 46, is pushed u ward and raises the stem, 12, and the va ve, 6, said stem covers the port, 16, and air flows from the pipe, 106, through the port, 107, the chamber, 5, into the upper portion of the passage, 13, and through the port, 11, into the space between the head, 97, and the diaphragm, 99. The air presses the diaphragm against the head, 101, and thereby presses said head and the stem, 102, away from the head, 97, the chamber, formed bv the head, 97, and the diaphragm being made larger and larger. Air passes through the pipes, 68, and 71. into the second expansion chamber, whereby the stem, 63, is driven upward to tilt the trigger, 66, and make the latter bear against the side of the valve bar, 46, for pushing said bar sidewise.

I claim as my invention,

1. In a mechanism of the nature described, the combination of a fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, a nominally-closed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding and is axially in alinement means tendin to close' said valve, transmission means i separate from said yielding means) for opening vsaid valve, and automatic means for interrupting the action of said transmission means, whereby the valve is freed for closing', substantially as described.

2. In a mechanism "of the nature described, the combination of a Huid-actuated expansion chamber com rising fixed and movable portions, a norma ly-fclosed main valve for admitting fluid intosaid chamber, yieldingr means tending to close said valve, transmission means separate from said yielding means and controlled by the operator f'or opening said valve, and automatic means for interrupting the actionof said transmission means, whereby saidvalve is freed for closing, substantially as described.

3. In a mechanism of the nature described, the combination of'a main fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, a normally-closed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to l'close said valve, transmission means for opening said valve, and a second fluid actuated expansion chamber` for interrupting the action of said transmission means, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, substantially as described.

4. In a mechanism of the nature described, the colnbination of a main fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, a normally-c oscd main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to close said valve, transmission means controlled by the operator for opening the main valve, and a second fluidactuated expansion chamber for interrupting the action of said transmission means, whereby the main valve is freed for closing. substantially as described.

In a mechanism of the nature described, the combination of a main fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprisin fixed and movable portions, a normally-c osed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to close said valve, transmission means for opening said valve, and a second fluid-actuated expansion chamber communicating with the main expansion chamber for interrupting the action of said transmission means, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, substantially as described.

6. In a mechanismof the nature described, the combination of a main fluid-actuated cxpansion chamber comprisin fixed and movable portions, a normirlly-cised main valve for admitting Huid into said chamber, yielding means tending to close said valve, transmission means controlled by the operator for opening the main valve, and a second fluidactuated expansion chamber communicating with the main expansion chamber for interrupting'the action of said Vvtr'ansii'iission means, ywhereby the main valve is freedl forVV closing, substantially as described.; A- 7. In a mechanism of the nature described,

- the combination ofja fluid-actuated eXpansion 'chamber' comprising fixed and` movable portions, anormally-closed main valve for admitting fiuid into said chamber, yielding means tending toY close said valve, a-'valve bar (separate from said 'yielding means) for opening the main valve,and automatic means for interrupting the""ac`tion`of said 'valve' bar on thefmaiii valve, Wherebythe vmain valve is freed VJfor closing, substantially as described;

, 8; In a mechanism oi the ynature described,

the combination of a" Huid-actuated eizpaneA sion chamberV eomprisingfived andriiiovab'le portions, arnormally-closed main valve for admitting fiiiidjinto said chamber, yielding means tending to close said valve, a valve bar'separate from vsaid yielding meansfaiid .controlled by the operatorfor opening the mainr Valve, and rautomatic means Yfor interrupting the Vaction of said valve bar on the mainvalve,Wherebythemain valve is freed .for closing, 'substantially as gdescribed.'

9. VIn aniechanism of the nature described,

the combination of a main fluidiactuated einv pansion chamber comprising fixed' and' movable portions, anormally-closed main valve.

for admitting fluid into said chamber, yield'- ing means tending to close said valve, a valve bar for opening lthe main valve, and a second fiuidfactuated expansion chamber foi' interrupting theaction ofsaid valve` bar on the main valve, lvvherebyfthe main valve is Vfreed for closing, substantially as de-vscribed. A I y l0. In a l mechanism of the nature described, the1 combination -of'a main fluid#l 1l. In a mechanism ofthe nature-de#v scribed,the combination of `fa main fluid# actuated #expansion chamber comprising' fixed? and movable portions, va, normally- 1 closed `main valve for' 'admitting iiuidv into said chamber, yielding vmeans tendingf'to close said va'lve,ja valve 'bar for opening the y main valve, and a'second fluid-actuated expaii'sion chamber communicating civiththe' main expansion chamber .for interrupting the action of said valver bar lon the main valve, ivhereby the main valve is freed fori closing, substantially as` described.

iegjina-iiiechansnifof the nature de# scribed, the combination of a fluid-actuated expansion `chamber Y comprising 'iiXed vand movable porti'oiisfa normally-closed main valve for admitting riiuid into said chamber,"

yielding means tending to close said valve, pedal mechanism for opening "themain valve, and automatic means for interrupting the action of saidYpedalnieclianism, ivi/hereby yhe main valve is freed for closing, substantially'asdescribed." v

'13. `In a inechaiiisnirrof the`nature Cle i scribed, the combinaticii cfa main fluidactuated` expansion chamber comprising fixed and f movable fp orticns,l a-normally-` closedmain valve foradii'iitting Jiiuid into said chamber, yielding imeans tending to close-said valve, pedal mechanism for -opeii` ing the main valve, and a secondfiuid-,actuf ated expansion cliainber'fcr interrupting'the action of said pedal mechanism on the mainV valve, whereby .the main vr:valve is vreedirfor closing,I substantially .as described.- 1 I l'LaIn `a mechanism of the nature i1 described,'- the combination of a fluid-'actuated expansion` chamber .comprising fixed and movable portions,- a.1nerniallyegclosed mainA vvalve for admitting Aiiiidiintcsaid chamber,

yielding means teiiidingto closek said valve,`.

a `valve bar and` pedal for lopening-'the mainl valve, and Vautomatic meansffor ii'iterruptclosing, substantiallyas'described. I. Y y 1551. In a mechanism fof Vthe `nature de# scribed, the combination` of a fluid-actuated expansion' chamber. comprising -fiXed and movable portions, a normally-closed Vmain the action of'fsalid valve'lbaron the main. valve', whereby thermain valve'islfreed fory ioo valve for admitting iiuid'into s? id chamber, a

yielding means tending to close saidVV valve,

vineaiisfor opening the ,main valve, and. a

fliii d actuated 'motor .1 comprising a cylinder, a differential pistonfinv said cylinder, a spring for moving said piston" in tliedirecf tion/ofV thelarger area sidev of` the piston,

means for limiting the .movementof ,thel piston insaid direction, ports leading Ainto said cylinder atopposite sides of the piston, .the

porton the smaller .area side of theV piston being larger than the'otlier port, means for simultaneously conducting a- Vfluid gto said ports whereby, When; fluid is admitted/to said ports, av lpressure eXceeding the. pressure at the larger area sidewof the piston ivill' be established atythe smaller arealside of the piston and maintained alimited time,

substantially as described@ 1G'. In a meel scribed, the combinationzof affluid-actuated expansion ,cliaml'ier comprising i fixed `and movable portions, a normally-closed main valve for adniittingfluidinto saidrchamber, yielding means vtending tov close saidvalve, a valvebar for openingtlie maiii valve, and

afluid 'actuated Iriotor` comprising .a cylinder, a difierential piston in said cylinder, a spring for moving said piston in the'dirvection of the larger area side of the piston,

Y meansfor limiting the movement Vof, theY `piston in said direction, ports leading into said cylinder at opposite sidesl of the piston, the porton the smaller area side of the pisi ton being larger Vthan the other port, means Vio Vfor simultaneously conducting a fluid to said ports whereby, when fluid is admitted to said ports, a pressure exceedinglthe pres- Vsure at tlie'larger area side ofthe piston will be established at tliesmaller`V area side of the piston and maintained duringl a limited time, substantially as described.

17. .In a mechanism of the' nature described, the -combination of aV main fluidactuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and vmovable portions, a normallyclosed vmain val-ve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to close saidv valve, a valve bar foropening V the-main valve, vpedal mechanism formoving said *valve bar, anda fluid-actuated niotorlcomprising a cylinder, a differential piston in vsaid cylinder, a spring for moving said piston in the direction of the larger` areaside of the. piston, means for 'limiting v the movement of the piston in said direction,

ports leading into saidcylinder at Vopposite sides of the piston, the V.port on the smaller Y larea side of the piston being'V larger than the other port, imeans Vfor simultaneously'V con- Y ducting a fluid to said ports whereby, when 'i fluid is admitted to said ports, a pressure exceeding the pressure at the larger area side of the piston will be established atthe smaller area side of the Y'piston and main- Y tained duringfa limited time, substantially as described.v A v e 118. In a mechanism of the nature described, the combinationof a fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising `fixed and movable portions, a normally-closed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber,

Y ryielding means tending to close fsaid valve,

transmission meansefor opening the main valve, automatic means for interrupting the f action of `said transmission means on the main valve, whereby the main valveis freed for closing, and aregister and a fluid-actuated expansion chamber in operativerelation'with said register andv in communica-A` tion With said first-mentioned expansionv chamber, whereby each exertion 'of fluid tuated expansionchamber comprising fixed and movable portions,v a normally-closed main valve-for admitting Vfluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to `close said valve, transmission means for opening with said register and in communication with .movable` portions, a normally-closedy mani Vtransmission means for opening said ,valveai land automatic means operatively related freed-for closing, .substantially as described@ ber, yielding means tending to yclose Avalve, :transmission means controlled by the? Amain valve vfor admitting fluid into said Y saidv valve, transmission meansfor opening `said valve, and a second fluid-actuated exi Vmain expansion chamber operativelyzrelated, to act wi thin a chosen time after. the opening' vtion' of said transmission means, whereby main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yieldingvfmeans ktending to vclose said: valve, transmission vmeans controlled chamberand operatively related to act withthe main valve, a second fluid-actuatedex-g. pansion chamber for interrupting these-- tion of the transmission means on the maixn valve, whereby the main valve is freed Vfor closing, and aregister vand a fluid-actuated expansion chamber in operative relating!! said main. expansion chamber, whereby 'each exertion yof fluid pressure in the'main cham-r, ber will be registered on said register, sub-1..- stantially as described. i

20. 'In a Vmechanism of the lnature` scribed, the combination of a fluid-actuated expansionV chamber comprising fixed and valve kfor admitting fluid into saidchamber, yielding meanstending to close said valve;

vwith said transmission meansV to act within a chosen time after the opening of the maia valve for interrupting thev action of said#-y transmission means, whereby thevalve 2l. In a mechanism of the nature fidescribed, the combination ofV a Yfluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, a normally-closed main valve for; admitting lfluid. into said ,chamjs operator for opening saidfvalve, and automatic means operatively related ywith said transmission means to act withiny achosenf time after the opening of the main valve for interrupting the action' of said transmission,` means, whereby said valve is freed for closing, substantially as described.

22. In a mechanism [of the. nature described, fthe combination of a main fluid-ac-y tuated expansion chambercomprising and movable portions, a normally-closed chamber, yielding means tending to close,

pansion chamber communicating kWith the of the main valve forfinterrupting-the the main valve is freed for closing, substantially as. described. E

23.7In a mechanism of the nature scribed, the combination of a main duid-ac# tuated expansion chamber comprising fixed Y and movable portions, a' normally-closed f bythe'operator for opening the main valve, anda second fluid-actuated expansion cham-f ber communicating with the main expansion in a chosen time after'v the opening'of.V

incidenza Vmain valve Vfor interrupting the action of said transmission means, whereby the main valve. is freed for closing, substantially as described.

24C. In a' mechanism of the nature described, the combination ofa fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, va normally-closed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber,-

yielding means tending to close said valve, a valve bar for opening the main valve, and automatic means operatively related to act within Va chosen time afterthe openingof the main valvefor interrupting theV action of said valve bar on the main valve, whereby the main valve is freedlfor'closing, sub stantially `as described.

'25. In a mechanism of Vthe nature descibed the combination of a luidY-,aCtuated.v

Y. expansion chamber comprisingA fixed andA movable portions, a normally-closed mainV 1 valve for admitting liuidinto said chamber,

yielding means tending to close said valve,

a valve bar controlled by the operator -for opening the main valve, vand automaticv means operatively related to 'act within .a chosen time after thev opening of the main valve for interrupting the action of said valve bar on Vthe* main valve, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, vsubstantially as described. l f

26. In aV mechanism of the lnature described, the combination of a main Huidactuated lexpansion chamber .comprising fixed andremovable portions, a normally#y closed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to l close said valve, -a valvebai" for opening the movable portions, a normallyjclosedfmain valve foradmitting fluidinto said chamber, yielding. means tending to close said valve, pedal mechanism for opening the main valve, and automatic means operatively, re';

lated to act within a chosen time afterthe opening 'of the'main `valve for interrupting the action of said pedal mechanism, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, rsubstantially as described. 1 v 28. In a mechanismv of Vthe nature described, the combination lof la'v main fluid?"V actuated expansion chamber comprisingy fixed and movable portions, a normallyclosed Vmain valve for admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to close, said valve, pedal mechanism for open'.V

ingthe main valve, and a second fluid-actuated eXpansion chamberfop'eratively related V-to act vwithin a-chosen `time after the 'opening 'of the main valve for interrupting the action of said pedal mechanism on themain valve, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, substantially as described.

29. yIn a 4mechanism of the nature de,- scribed, the .combination of a fluid-actuated l expansion ychamber comprising Vfixed and movable portions, a normally-closed main valve lforA admitting iuidA into said chamber,

yielding means tending to close said valve,

a valve barand pedal for opening the main valve, and automatic means operatively related` to act within a'chosen time after the opening of the main valve for interrupting the action'of'said valvepbarf on the main valve, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, substantially as described.

30. Ina'mechanism of the nature dey scribed, thefcombination of a fluid-actuated for admitting fluid into said Chamberland a valve seat'around said passage,"a main valve normally seated on said seat, yielding means tending to hold said valve on said seat, means (separate from said yielding means) formoving the vmain valve from its said moving means andthe main valve, whereby the main valve is freed for seating, substantially as described. l

31. In a mechanism of the nature Edef scribed, the combinationof a iluidactuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and vmovable portions, means forming apassage seat, and means Afor relatively disengaging expansion Ychamber comprising fixed andV lmovable portions, means forming a passagefor admitting fluid into said chamber and a valve seat around said passage, a main valve normallyy seated on said seat, yielding means tending to hold said valve on said seat,

means separate from said yielding 'meansl and controlledrby thev operator for moving the` main` valve from its seat, and'means-or relatively disengaging Asaid moving means and the mainv valve, lwhereby the main valve 'is freed for seating, substantially as de` 32.1In-'a machanism of ther nature deiscribed, the combination of a `main liuidactuated expansion :chamberf comprising iXed and gmovable portions, means forming a passage Afor admitting fluid into'saidV chamberV and a valve seat `'around-said passage,ja main valve normally seated onsaid seat,vv

yielding means tending to hold lsaid valve on saidV seat, means for moving thel mainv valvefrom its seat, and a second fluid-actuated expansion chamber for relatively dis?l engaging said moving means and the main valve', whereby the main valve is freed for seating, substantially as described.

g 33. Inv a mech'nism of the nature de.

scribed, the ,combination of a fluid-actuated izo .expansion chamber comprising fixed and Y movable portions, meansforming a passage for admitting fiuid vintosaidchamber `and a Y valve seat around said passage, a main valve normally seated on said seat,'yieldi ng means tending to hold said valve on said seat, a

valve barfor moving the main-valve fromV its seat, and means for relatively disengag- ,ingV said `valve `bar and the vmain valve, Vwhereby the main valve is freed for seating,

`Y e substantially as described. Y

34.1In a mechanism of the nature de-V scribed, thecoinbination oi'i a fluid-actuated expansionY chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, means forming a passage for admitting fluid into said chamber and a valve seat-around said passage, a mainy valve normallyvseated on said seat, yielding means Y tending to hold said valve on said seat', a` valve bar controlled by the operator Vfor `moving theV mainvalvefrom'lits seat, and

means for relatively disengaging' said Vvalve baar and the main valve, whereby the main i Y valve is freed for seating, substantially as l described.

35. In a mechanism'of the nature de- Y scribed, the combination of a fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, means forminga passagev foradmitting fluid into said chamber and a valve seat around said passage, a main valve `normally seated on said seat, yielding means tending to hold saidvvalve onsaidseat,

` pedal mechanism for moving the'main valve from its seat, and means for relatively disengaging said moving means and the main valve, whereby the main valveis freed for seating, substantially as described.

36. In a mechanism of the nature described,'the combination of a fluid-actuated expansion ,chamber comprising fixed and Y -movable portions, a normally-closed main l ber, yieldingmeans tending to close'saidvalvepfor admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tending to close said valve, transmission means'for opening said valve,

and automatic means for interrupting thev action of said transmission means, whereby thevalve isfreed for closing, said `interrupting vmeans beingadjustable to vary the time consumed by it in acting, substantially as described. v l

. `37. In al mechanism of the nature dei' scribed, the `combination of a fluid-actuated expansion Achamber comprising fiXed and movable portions, a' normally-closed main valve for admitting fluid into said chamvalve, transmission means controlled by the (il'opies of this patent may be obtained for operator for opening said valve, and automaticmeans for interruptingthe action of i said transmission means, whereby said valvev Y is freed for closing, said interrupting means being adjustable to vary the time consumed e v by it in acting, substantially as described;

`38. In a mechanism of the nature described, the combination of a main fluid-acf. tuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable portions, a normallyfclosed main valve 4for admitting fiuid into said v chamber, I yielding vmeans tending to close said valve, transmission means for opening said valve, and a second fluid-actuated expansion chamber for interrupting the action of said transmission means, whereby. the mainvalve is freed'forclosing, said interrupting means being adjustable to vary the time consumed by it in acting, substantially Y as described.V

3.9. In a mechanism` of the nature defi scribed,l the combination of jafmain fluidlactuated expansionV chamber comprising yfixed and movable portions, arnormallyclosed mainwvalve vfor admitting fluid into said chamber, Vyielding Vmeans'tending to ,Y

sa trolled by the operator for openingthe mainVV close saidf valve, transmission Vmeans'convalve-andra secondffluid-actuated expansion chamberforinterrupting the action of said transmissionv means, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, said interrupting means being adjustableto vary the time consumed by it in acting, substantially as described.

40. In aV mechanism'of the nature de- -A scribed, the combinationof a main fluid-actuated expansion chamber comprising fixed and movable. portions, a 'normally-closed main valve. Vfor admitting fluid into said chamber, yielding means tendingto close said valve, transmission meansfor opening saidvalve, anda second fluid-actuated expansion chamber communicatingy ywith the` main expansion chamber for interrupting the action' of said transmission means, whereby the main valve is freed for closing, said interrupting means beingadjustablefto Y .Witness-csr' v LoN N. BATcHnLoR, l D. C. RoBER'rsoN.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner Yof latentg;v Washington; DY. C. Y i

mev 

